Yapay Zekâ ve Pedagoji: Eğitimde Fırsatlar ve Zorluklar
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12637335Anahtar Kelimeler:
Yapay zekâ, pedagoji, eğitimde teknoloji entegrasyonu, eğitimde yapay zekâ kullanımıÖzet
Günümüzde eğitime entegre edilmeye çalışılan en yeni teknolojilerden birisi de yapay zekadır. Yapay zekânın eğitimdeki rolünü sadece teknolojik bir yenilik olarak görmek yerine, pedagojik açıdan da işlevi olan bir unsur olarak ele almak, bu teknolojinin eğitime katkısını anlamada yol göstericidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı; yapay zekânın eğitimdeki rolünü ve etkisini pedagojik çerçevede ele alan nitelikli çalışmaları inceleyerek, yapay zekânın pedagojiyi nasıl destekleyebileceğini ve pedagojik açıdan getirebileceği olumsuz durumları ortaya koymak ve bu konudaki Türkçe literatüre katkı sunmaktır. Çalışmada, nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden doküman incelemesi tekniği kullanılmıştır ve araştırmaya kaynak olarak Web of Science veri tabanında yer alan ilgili çalışmalar incelenmiştir. Araştırma sonuçları, yapay zekâ uygulamalarının eğitim süreçlerini dönüştürme potansiyeline sahip olduğunu ve özellikle öğretim yöntemleri, teknikleri ve stratejilerini çeşitli yönlerden destekleyebileceğini ortaya koymaktadır. Yapay zekânın kişiselleştirilmiş ve farklılaştırılmış öğrenme, dil öğrenme, eleştirel düşünme becerileri, aktif öğrenme, uyarlanabilir öğrenme, işbirlikçi öğrenme ortamları yaratma, yaratıcı öğrenme, probleme dayalı öğrenme, proje tabanlı öğrenme, öz yönlendirmeli öğrenme, kendi hızında öğrenme, öz düzenlemeli öğrenme ve simülasyon tabanlı öğrenme gibi pedagojik süreçlere önemli katkılar sunabileceği görülmüştür. Bununla birlikte, yapay zekâ uygulamalarının eğitimde kullanımının bazı pedagojik riskler ve olumsuzluklar barındırdığı da tespit edilmiştir. Dijital okuryazarlık eksikliği, öğrencilerin sosyal becerilerinin gelişememe riski, derin öğrenmenin yerini yüzeysel öğrenmenin alması, yapay zekâya aşırı bağımlılık nedeniyle bilişsel becerilerin gerilemesi ve sürekli takip edilme duygusunun yarattığı olumsuz etkiler bu riskler arasında yer almaktadır. Araştırma sonuçlarına dayanarak, yapay zekânın eğitimde bilinçli ve etkili bir şekilde kullanılmasına katkı sunmak ve gelecekteki araştırmalara yol gösterici olabilmek adına bazı öneriler yapılmıştır.
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